Cupping is primarily used to remove which of the following from the body?

Cupping is primarily used in traditional medicine, particularly in practices influenced by ancient Chinese and Middle Eastern therapies, to remove cold and damp "evils" from the body. These terms refer to pathologies believed to affect the body's balance, often resulting in symptoms such as pain, fatigue, and a sensation of heaviness. In this context, "cold and damp" are seen as external factors that can invade the body and disrupt its natural harmony.

The procedure involves placing cups on the skin to create suction, which promotes circulation and is thought to draw out these harmful invaders. By doing so, cupping aims to alleviate conditions associated with these blockages, restoring health and equilibrium. This focus aligns with traditional beliefs surrounding health where maintaining the body's balance is essential for well-being.

Other options presented do not capture the primary purpose of cupping as effectively. While some may argue that cupping can also address stress or release toxins, these are not its primary application within the context of traditional practices where the emphasis is specifically on alleviating cold and damp conditions.